B1 Lesson 34: Non-Defining Relative Clause + Transitive/Intransitive Verbs (Cooking Verbs Review)

WARM UP

Think about cooking and food preparation.

• Which foods do you usually grill, fry, or bake?
• Have you ever burned a meal by accident?
• What foods do you normally freeze?
• Do you enjoy barbecuing in summer?
• Which cooking method produces the best flavour?

Answer in full sentences.

VOCABULARY – TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS REVIEW

Some verbs can be transitive (they need an object).

Example:

• She baked a cake.
• They grilled the vegetables.

Some verbs can be intransitive (they do not need an object).

Example:

• The cake baked for an hour.
• The soup boiled for ten minutes.

• barbecue – cook food over a fire or hot coals
Example: We barbecued some burgers. / We barbecued all afternoon.

• roast – cook food in an oven
Example: She roasted a chicken. / The chicken roasted slowly.

• bite – cut food with your teeth
Example: He bit the apple. / The dog suddenly bit.

• freeze – make something very cold or become very cold
Example: We froze the leftovers. / The water froze overnight.

• fry – cook in hot oil
Example: They fried the potatoes. / The onions fried gently.

• burn – damage something with heat or become damaged by heat
Example: I burned the toast. / The toast burned.

• grill – cook using direct heat
Example: We grilled the fish. / The meat grilled quickly.

• stir – move food around while cooking
Example: She stirred the soup. / The mixture stirred easily.

• boil – cook in hot water or reach boiling temperature
Example: He boiled the pasta. / The water boiled rapidly.

• taste – try food or have a particular flavour
Example: I tasted the sauce. / The soup tasted delicious.

• bake – cook in an oven
Example: She baked a cake. / The bread baked for forty minutes.

• steam – cook using steam or produce steam
Example: They steamed the vegetables. / The windows steamed up.

Say each verb out loud.

Notice whether the verb is acting on an object or not.

GRAMMAR – NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

We use non-defining relative clauses to add extra information.

The extra information is not essential.

We use commas.

Common relative pronouns:

• who – people
• which – things
• whose – possession
• where – places

Examples

• My brother, who loves cooking, makes excellent pasta.
• The restaurant, which opened last year, is already popular.
• The chef, whose recipes are famous, has published a new book.
• Madrid, where I studied, has many excellent restaurants.

Important Difference

Defining

• The chef who works here is famous.

(Which chef? Essential information.)

Non-defining

• The chef, who works here, is famous.

(We already know which chef. Extra information.)

More Examples

• The cake, which was baked this morning, is delicious.
• My friend Sarah, who is an excellent cook, loves barbecuing.
• The restaurant, where we celebrated my birthday, serves amazing seafood.
• The fish, which was grilled perfectly, tasted fantastic.
• The chef, whose cookbook I bought, specialises in Italian cuisine.

DIALOGUE – A DINNER PARTY

Anna: Did you enjoy the dinner?

Mark: Yes. The chicken, which was roasted slowly, was excellent.

Anna: Who made it?

Mark: My uncle, who loves cooking, prepared everything.

Anna: What was your favourite dish?

Mark: The vegetables, which were steamed and grilled, were surprisingly good.

Anna: That's unusual!

Mark: The chef, whose recipes he follows, focuses on healthy cooking.

Read again and practise.

SHORT ARTICLE

Last weekend, I visited a restaurant, which had recently won a local award, with some friends. The owner, who trained in France, is known for combining traditional and modern cooking techniques. We ordered a fish dish, which was grilled over charcoal, and a dessert, which had been baked that morning. The restaurant, where many local chefs meet, has become very popular in recent years. One of the waiters, whose brother owns a bakery, recommended a chocolate cake that tasted incredible. The meal was excellent, and the experience, which lasted nearly three hours, was one of the highlights of the month.

Read the article twice.

LANGUAGE SUPPORT

Cooking verbs

• barbecue meat
• roast vegetables
• freeze leftovers
• fry onions
• grill fish
• stir soup
• boil pasta
• taste the sauce
• bake bread
• steam vegetables

Non-defining relative clauses

• my friend, who loves cooking
• the restaurant, which opened recently
• the chef, whose recipes are famous
• the city, where I studied

Full sentence model

• The restaurant, which specialises in seafood, serves fish that is grilled over charcoal every day.

PERSONAL QUESTIONS

Answer in full sentences.

• Who is a person, who has influenced your cooking habits, and why?
• What is a restaurant, which you would recommend, and what makes it special?
• Is there a place, where you enjoy eating, that you visit regularly?
• Have you ever eaten a meal, which was badly burned?
• What food, which is baked, do you enjoy the most?
• Who do you know, whose cooking skills impress you?
• What dish, which you recently tasted, would you order again?
• Have you ever attended a barbecue, which lasted all day?
• What city, where you have travelled, had the best food?
• What cooking method, which you rarely use, would you like to learn?

HOMEWORK (WRITE & RECORD)

Writing

Write 10 sentences:

• 5 using the cooking verbs
• 5 using non-defining relative clauses with who, which, whose, or where

Use at least 8 vocabulary items.