Lesson 2: Memory part 2
FOUNDATIONS_C1-C2
4/30/2026
WARM UP
Think about rules, decisions, opinions and information.
• What is fundamental to a good education?
• Should journalists always be impartial?
• What is the most inspirational person you know?
• Can you think of a substantial change that has happened in your life?
• Have you ever been partially responsible for a problem?
• Why is it important to have designated areas in public places?
Answer in full sentences.
VOCABULARY – IDEAS & OPINIONS
• designated – officially chosen for a particular purpose
Example: Please wait in the designated area.
• fundamental – extremely important or necessary
Example: Trust is fundamental to a good relationship.
• impartial – fair and not supporting one side
Example: A judge must remain impartial.
• inspirational – making you feel motivated or encouraged
Example: Her story was extremely inspirational.
• partial – supporting one side rather than being completely fair
Example: The report gave a partial view of the situation.
• partially – only partly; not completely
Example: The building was partially damaged by the storm.
• reassuring – making you feel less worried
Example: His explanation was very reassuring.
• substantial – large or important in amount or effect
Example: The company made a substantial investment.
Say each word out loud.
GRAMMAR – AFFIXATION
Affixation means adding a prefix or suffix to a word to change its meaning or form.
Prefixes
A prefix is added to the beginning of a word.
• partial → impartial
• possible → impossible
• regular → irregular
• responsible → irresponsible
Suffixes
A suffix is added to the end of a word.
• partial → partially
• inspire → inspirational
• reassure → reassuring
• substance → substantial
Word families
• impartial → partial
• inspire → inspirational
• reassure → reassuring
• substance → substantial
• designate → designated
DIALOGUE – A NEW PROJECT
Sarah: Have you seen the designated area for the new project?
Tom: Yes. I think it's a good location.
Sarah: The changes will be substantial, though.
Tom: That's true, but I find the plans quite inspirational.
Sarah: I'm partly worried about the cost.
Tom: That's understandable. But the manager gave us some reassuring information.
Sarah: We just need to make sure the final decision is impartial.
Tom: Absolutely. Everyone should have a fair opportunity to give their opinion.
Read again and practise.
SHORT ARTICLE
The company recently announced a substantial change to the way its offices will be organised. Each department will have a designated area, while several shared spaces will be redesigned.
The changes are fundamental to the company's new working system. Although some employees are partially concerned about the changes, management has given reassuring information about the transition.
The company has also promised that the process will be impartial. Employees will be able to give their opinions, and no department will receive partial treatment.
Many employees have described the new plans as inspirational, particularly because they could create a more flexible working environment.
Read the article twice.
LANGUAGE SUPPORT
Describing importance
• fundamental to something
• a substantial change
• a substantial amount of something
Describing fairness
• remain impartial
• give a partial view
• treat someone impartially
Describing positive effects
• inspirational ideas
• reassuring information
• an inspirational experience
Full sentence model
• The substantial changes were initially worrying, but the reassuring information from management helped everyone feel more confident.
ACTIVATION
Rewrite the sentences using the word in brackets.
Use a negative prefix.
The judge must not support either side. (impartial)
The manager's decision was not fair because he supported one employee. (partial)
The information was not complete. (partial)
Change the word form.
The experience inspired many young people. (inspirational)
The building was damaged, but only to some extent. (partially)
The company wants to reassure its customers. The message should make them feel less worried. (reassuring)
PRACTICE
Correct the mistakes.
The new policy will have a substantially effect.
The judge tried to remain impartially during the trial.
The building was partial destroyed by the storm.
Her story was extremely inspiration.
Correct the word form.
The teacher gave a impartial opinion about the situation.
The new system is fundamentally to improving communication.
The company made a substance investment in the project.
Rewrite the sentences correctly.
The manager gave a partial decision because he treated both sides equally.
The information from the doctor was very reassure.
The changes were substantially important to the future of the company.
PERSONAL QUESTIONS
Answer in full sentences.
• What is fundamental to a happy life?
• Do you think teachers should always be impartial? Why?
• Who is an inspirational person in your life?
• What is something substantial you would like to achieve?
• Have you ever been partially responsible for a difficult situation?
• What kinds of information do you find reassuring?
• Where should there be designated areas in your town?
• Can someone be both partial and impartial in different situations?
• What substantial change would improve your daily life?
HOMEWORK (WRITE & RECORD)
Writing
Write 10 sentences:
• 4 using the vocabulary
• 3 using different prefixes or suffixes
• 3 using different word forms
Use at least 6 vocabulary items.
Recording
Record yourself reading your sentences aloud. Focus on the pronunciation of the vocabulary and the different word endings.
CORRECTIONS
ACTIVATION – Negative prefixes
The judge must remain impartial.
The manager's decision was partial because he supported one employee.
The information was partial.
ACTIVATION – Word forms
The experience was inspirational for many young people.
The building was partially damaged.
The message should be reassuring.
PRACTICE – Correct the mistakes
The new policy will have a substantial effect.
The judge tried to remain impartial during the trial.
The building was partially destroyed by the storm.
Her story was extremely inspirational.
PRACTICE – Correct the word form
The teacher gave an impartial opinion about the situation.
The new system is fundamental to improving communication.
The company made a substantial investment in the project.
PRACTICE – Rewrite
The manager gave an impartial decision because he treated both sides equally.
The information from the doctor was very reassuring.
The changes were fundamentally important to the future of the company.